Nutritional Benefits of Beans

Nutritional Benefits of Beans Beans are a great source of nutrients, beans are sometimes known as legumes. In a normal persons diet beans are one of the most important part because of their nutritional value. The most important nutrient in the bean is protein, which is made in the plant thanks to a bacteria called rhizobium. This bacterium places its self in the roots of the plant to change the nitrogen in to a form that is able to be converted in to amino acids. This is the beginning of protein in the bean. Nutrients are very important to the human diet. They are what keep you healthy and able to grow and learn. The most common nutrients in beans are iron, folic acid, and protein. These are all helpful to your body. Iron helps to carry oxygen in your blood; it also improves energy levels and your immune system to stay strong. Folic acids are especially important to women, because it is able to prevent spinal problems and birth defects during the first few weeks of pregnancy. It is also been proven to lower the risk of heart problems when you are older and finally protein which is needed for growth and repair of your body and its tissues. Most beans, with the exception of soybeans and peanuts, are made up primarily of protein and starch. The nutrients are stored inside the bean seed in a part of the bean called the cotyledon, as shown in Figure 1. The two cotyledons are completely surrounded by a tough seed coat, except for the point at which the bean has a little dimple. That is where there is a break in the seed coat and youll find a little hole or pore called the hilum. The hilum is where the bean seed was attached to the living plant before it was picked and dried. Initially, when placed in water, the dried bean seeds can only absorb water through their hilums. After about 30-60 minutes, though, the seed coats expand and become hydrated. At that point, water can move into the bean through the hilum and the entire seed coat surface (sciencebuddies.org). Unfortunately most people experience discomfort after eating portions of beans. This is because they are full of complex sugar and fiber. The discomfort is felt because your body is forced to work extra hard to degust the sugar. Thankfully one is able to teach your body to deal with those things by just consuming vary small portions of the beans often. The cooking of the bean is very important. Cooking dried beans in liquid is completely necessary to loosen the shell of the bean and to drake down the starchy granules that are built up inside the bean when it is dried. The amount of water used is also very important. If you use to much the bean will absorb it and produce a weaker flavor. But if not enough water is used the bean will remain hard and will make foe a bad cooking experience. Also important is the ways they are cooked do not hard boil them. The movement of the water will damage the seed coat causing the bean to break apart. A gentle simmer is best. At a temperature of 180 to 200 degrees farenheight the bean should be perfectly cooked and gently treated. During my experiment I will be testing liquids containing acids, sugars, and calcium. These will slow the process of softening. I am looking for which of the slowing additives is fastest. Even thought fast softening is not always desirable. Expectedly the acid will work in the cell walls. It will make hemicelluloses which will soften the walls and make it less likely to dissolve. The sugar will work by causing the cell walls to harden and by slowing swelling of the starches in the cotyledons. And finally calcium will again work in the walls of the cell, but it will cause strengthening by cross-linking the pectin. One way the softening process can be sped up is by adding baking soda. This, in the water, causes the water to become alkaline. Using just very small amounts of the baking soda can cut down baking time by 75%. The baking soda works by pushing out the magnesium which is caused by the pectin. It also works by dissolving the hemicelluloses in the water. This process is not desirable because the soda will leave the finished product slippery and with a soapy feeling and taste. Cooking beans is usually fairly easy. The time needed to cook really depends on what kind of bean you are using and how you cook them. A few types of beans are completely safe to eat raw such as peas and bean sprouts. Most kinds of beans are best roasted or steamed. For this experiment dried mature beans will be necessary because of the amount of time needed to cook and the need for liquids to soften them. The kind of dried beans that will be used are lima beans. The lima beans will be soaked overnight in cold water. One group will be the control group, having just beans and water. The second will just have table salt added to it. The third and fourth groups will have lemon juice and lemon juice with chopped tomatoes. The fifth group will have just milk, and finally, the sixth group will have molasses added. The materials are an extremely important part of an experiment. Lima beans will be soaked and then dried. To prepare the beans, one bag will be opened and poured into an airtight container. Just enough water will be added to cover the top of the beans. Once it is full, a lid will be placed on the container and then set on the kitchen counter overnight, which is approximately ten hours. Then the prepared beans will be divided into six groups and the different items will be added.

Dark count or Dark Current is one of the most important CCD specifications, :: Computer Science

Dark count or Dark Current is one of the most important CCD specifications, along with resolution, quantum efficiency and noise figure. Dark count or Dark Current is one of the most important CCD specifications, along with resolution, quantum efficiency and noise figure. Dark current causes an output to occur without the previous introduction of an input. This is caused by the thermal generation and then diffusion of charge. This Dark Current is generated at different locations in the CCD, but the cause of this charge generation is basically the same in all locations. This is because all cases are to do with irregularities in the fundamental crystal structure of the silicon present in CCDs. Examples of these irregularities include metal impurities such as gold, copper or iron, and crystal defects such as dislocations and stacking faults, all of which are known to be thermal generation sites of charge carriers in silicon. THE BEST EXAMPLE OF WHERE THIS DARK Current can be located is at the Silicon Oxide to silicon interface of the MOS capacitor (which is the main building block of a CCD) . This is due to the fact that this is where the largest irregularity in the silicon crystal structure occurs. However, it can also be located in the in the bulk of the silicon both inside and outside the depletion layer, which is defined by the CCD potential wells. To give an example of the amount of Dark Current, which is induced A Kodak KAF-0400 and KAF-1600 sensor is specified to have a Dark Current of 50 electrons being induced per second at 25 degrees c. Taking a one-minute exposure at this temperature would generate 3000 electrons of thermally induced charge, which is calculated by 60secs times 50 electrons. In theory the average Dark Current value can be subtracted from the output value to provide the signal due to photoelectrons. However in reality there are fluctuations in the Dark Current called Dark noise, and this cannot be accounted for in the same way. Noise occurs in different forms such as shot noise and trapping noise which both appear in the CCD channel. It also occurs at the input and output stages as KTC noise, but my main focus shall be on shot noise as it is closely associated with Dark Current. We know that the generation of Dark Current is a totally random process, due to the fact that the generation sites are randomly distributed and perhaps more importantly, the Dark Current generation process is random as a function of time. The number of electrons generated and then collected in a charge packet travelling through the

Alternative Treatment Educational Course for Parents of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Targeted Audience: The course will serve as a learning process for the parents of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. This will help parents deal with their child and will teach the parents methods that will assist in the treatment of their child.Goal: This will provide significant information that will highlight factors and appropriate treatment methods related to Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. It will also discuss the effects of different treatment method and treatment method appropriate to an individual’s age.Objectives: At the end of this course, parents must be able to: 1. understand causes and symptoms of ADHD 2. know how ADHD is diagnosed 3. determine behavioral elements that may indicate mental health conditions among children 4. learn treatment methods and programs 5. apply the different treatment methods INTRODUCTION Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), also known as hyperkinesis, is a mental disorder that is common to child ren. It affects three to five percent of the children’s world population having a boy to girl ratio of 2:1 or 3:1 (NMHI, 1999).The disorder is characterized by persistent inattentiveness which results in significant functional impairment. It hinders the individual’s capability to do task and exercise age-appropriate behavior. Healthcare professional diagnosed 4. 4 million youth ages 4-17 years old have ADHD. As of 2003, it was found out that 2. 5 million youth ages 4-14 years old are under medication for the disorder. Also, 7. 8% of parents of school-aged have reported to have an ADHD (CDC, 2005). ADHD is a disorder that has an effect to an individual throughout life.The symptoms are pervasive which means that it occurs in various setting. Researches found out that the distinct characteristics of ADHD are inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity. This paper aims to provide alternative treatment for parents of children with ADHD. In order to achieve this, one must first understand the causes, symptoms, and effects of the disorder. The educational treatment educational course will aid parents of children with ADHD on treating the disorder of their on child and on taking care of their children acquiring such disorder.Specifically, this paper aims to determine if the gender and educational background of parents influence the consideration of alternative treatment procedure for ADHD. CAUSES OF ADHD The causes of ADHD are still undetermined but medical professionals have come up with assumptions that might have caused the disorder. The causes may be neuroanatomic, genetic, environmental, social, and prenatal factors (The Healing Center On-line, 2008). The Neuroanatomic Factor The neuroanatomic sources are the fontal lobe lesions, anterior and medical to the pre-central motor cortex.Studies on cerebral blood flows have found central hypoperfusion in the frontal lobe and decreased blood flow to the caudate nucleus. The Healing Center On-line further wrote that: The positron emission topography of parents of children with ADHD who have symptoms with the disorder have shown that there were decreased metabolism in left frontal and parietal regions which suggest that the prefrontal cortex, which governs auditory attention, is less active among those with ADHD.Also, persons with ADHD have an abnormal low rate of activity in brain areas responsible for motor control and attentiveness. Genetic Factor It is found out by studies that children with ADHD also have close relatives with ADHD. It shows that ADHD can be acquired genetically. Researches also showed that one-third of the fathers with ADHD during their youth will bear a child with ADHD. Also, identical twins share the same trait (NMHI, 1999). Environmental and Prenatal Factors Researches have shown a potential relationship between smoking cigarettes and drinking alcohol during pregnancy.Behavior problems are also affected by high carbohydrate and high sugar diet during pregnanc y. Lowering of blood oxygen caused by smoking, high carbohydrate and high sugar diet is critical in fetal development, specifically in the development of fetal brain cells (Healing Center On-line, 2008). Some factors that may lead to ADHD are exposure to toxins such as lead, traumatic experiences, imbalance of neurotransmitters and abnormal glucose metabolism in the central nervous system. Psychosocial FactorsADHD can be caused by social conditions, family stability and marital conflict, psychiatric disorder, parental approach, and family interactions. SYMPTOMS OF ADHD The symptoms of ADHD are seen at an early age. The main symptoms of the disorder are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. Children with ADHD are usually impulsive, forgetful, restless to the point of disruption, prone to fall, unable to follow instructions, unpredictable, and moody (Healing Center On-line, 2008). But some of these are normal to children at young age.According to the American Psychiatric Associ ation (2005), ADHD can be identified by the following behavior: (a) playing with hands or feet or wriggling in their seats, (b) difficulty to stay in their seats when needed, (c) difficulty to maintain attention and waiting for a chance in games or group activities, (d) Answering before questions are completed, (e) difficulty to follow instruction and to do task properly, (f) changing one unfinished task to another, (g) failure to prevent careless mistakes, and (h) difficulty to listen. DIAGNOSIS OF THE ADHDParents observe indications of inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity at young age before entering school. But because maturity of children comes different rates, it is important to ask for the opinion of medical experts if the behavior of a child is appropriate at a certain age (NMHI, 2008). According to the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual in 1997, as written by The Healing Center On-line, there is no existing test to detect ADHD but recommended steps in diagnosing the disorder. The first step is a to interview parents. The interview must include family background, presenting problem, and developmental history.Second is asking the child about home, school, and social functioning. Third is completion of the behavior-rating scales illustrating the role of home and school. The fourth step is to gather data from school like grades, achievement test scores, current placement and, relevant information. Fifth is psychological IQ test and Learning Disability screening. The final step is to give physical and neurological examinations. Parent Interview The parent interview is important in establishing relationship between the parents, the child, and the examiner.This will prove invaluable parental support with the assessment and treatment. The interview will also be a source of descriptive information about the family especially parent’s specific observation on child’s obvious problem. It will also expose the degree of distress the childâ€⠄¢s problems affecting the family, particularly the parent and the overall psychological integrity of parent. The interview will also help in formulating a diagnosis and to recommend possible treatments (Barkley, 2007). Child Interview Barkley (2007) also emphasizes the importance of child interview.The length of time required for the interview depends on the age, intellectual level, and language abilities of the children. For preschools, the interview will be a time to be familiar with the child’s appearance, behavior, and development characteristic. For older children and adults, they can be questioned regarding family relationship and status, problem encountered, performance in school, and social and peer acceptance. Teacher Interview The interview with teacher will determine the behavior and performance of the child in school. This will help in evaluating the child’s over all behavior and assessing the development of the child.

The Events Of World War II - 1233 Words

At about 11 o clock on the morning of June 28, 1914, the archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria was assassinated in Sarajevo; Event that is known as the trigger of the Great War, World War I; Which lasted little more than 4 years, until November 11, 1918 when Germany signed the Armistice of Compià ¨gne. On September 1, 1939; 25 years later, World War II began with the invasion of Germany into Poland, and culminated 6 years later, on September 2, 1945. When we think of these times, many things come to mind: confrontations, strategies, defeats, victories, actions that became the shame of nations, as well as technological advances that changed the world. Names like Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin, Hitler, Mussolini, TÃ… jÃ… , among others, sound in†¦show more content†¦The word YOU stands out from the rest in a vibrant red, reinforcing the message. This poster was not only the protagonist of the First World War, but used again in the Second, proving that it fulfilled the objective sought. That was not the only contribution of James. On the end of World War II, we would once again revel in another of his best known works, which was released after the famous VE Day - Victory in Europe Day - on May 8 1945, day when the surrender of Nazi Germany was accepted. James, knowing this situation and knowing that the war would not be finished until Japan followed the path of Germany, created the poster Jap You re Next, which shows the very Uncle Sam rolled up the sleeves of the Shirt to finish the job. Two magnificent works, of a great quality, that denote a great patriotism and clear messages for its publics. Another protagonist in the design of the era that has marked our society to this day was the British Information Ministry. It is a poster of the Second World War that today can be printed on mugs, cell phones, T-shirts and other objects, as it has come back to life in recent years with immense variations and designs. We talk about the famous Keep Calm and Carry On. This famous poster was designed in 1939 and was part of a series of three posters. These posters sought to raise the morale of the British population suffering the effects of war and feared a German invasion. Unfortunately, the bombing of London by theShow MoreRelatedThe Events Of World War II1285 Words   |  6 PagesThe Tenth’s triumphs in Italy were demonstrative of the value of specialized forces. Their success both was very influential in the events of World War II and in proving the value of specialized forces. Once the government saw how effective the focused training of this division was, they realized that a new era had begun. The Tenth Mountain Division started the period of special forces. The men in the division used their mountain climbing skills to formulate a brilliant plot to capture Riva RidgeRead MoreThe Events Of World War II Essay1284 Words   |  6 PagesA â€Å"watershed† event could best be described as one such an event that marked a turning point in a course of actions or affairs. Some would argue that the second World War was nowhere close to being a watershed event and more closely aligned with being a devastating period for American history. Funnily enough, most would critically disagree with such a statement. World War II sent the United States through a frenzy of change — change that would extend even over to today’s time! So in retrospect ofRead MoreThe Events Of World War II1293 Words   |  6 PagesIt is difficult, if not impossible put the events of World War II in context without a discussion about World War I. Known at first as the Great War, the occurrences that lead up to this conflict and its happenings caused a series of events that many see led up to the start of the second World War. Although the two wars are usually seen as separate events, it is important to see the connections linking the two together. The Great War ending was one that saw Germany placed the position of sole guiltRead MoreThe Events Of The World War II1537 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity Operation Barbarossa U.S. Military History – SS3505 Nick Alessandroni 11/8/2014 â€Æ' Despite varying opinions on what actual triggered the start of World War II, Hitler ordering the invasion of Poland on September 1st, 1939 is believed to be the true mark of the beginning of the Second World War. Germany had been pondering war with Poland since the 1920s and recovering lost territory was considered the main objective (Radzilowski J., 2004). However, the initial reason for the German invasionRead MoreThe Events Of The World War II986 Words   |  4 PagesWhat steps led to American participation in World War II? (Chapter 22) After World War I legacy the Great Depression brought isolationism. The best work produced by President Roosevelt was the Four Freedoms; freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. President Roosevelt was the leader of the Allies, he used this statement as part of his Allies aim. The Soviet Union joined the Allies after being invaded by Germany. Millions of art were sold and reprinted asRead MoreEvents of World War II466 Words   |  2 PagesWorld War2, many events took place in history. In World War2,these events had most been written about the holocaust, ration books, Green Police, and the famous concentration and death camp of that time. In 1939, people started and needed to use ration books. German submarines attacked British and American ships, so many supplies had to be cut short. During this time, the Nazi created an organization of soldiers called â€Å"Gestapo† or â€Å"Green Police†. Later on, in 1945, Auschwitz was creat ed and becameRead MoreWorld War II : A Watershed Event1690 Words   |  7 PagesWorld War II was considered to be a watershed event in history by many historians. A watershed event is commonly referred to as an â€Å"event or period marking a turning point in a course of action or state of affairs†. World War II was an event that changed history and the aftermath wrecked most ideas of the future before the war. After the war every party wanted to not repeat this war, so instead of peace, the world rearmed with new technologies and humanitarian ideologies to prevent any form of theRead MoreEvents that Triggered World War II1193 Words   |  5 Pageseffects of World War 1. In the meantime Adolf Hitler granted to be ruler of Germany, in return he would take revenge on the people causing their defeat in World War 1, most specifically Jews. Russia: Russia was part of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union was the main enemy of Germany. Most of Germanys resources went to fight the Soviets not the western allies. The bloodiest fighting of WW2 occurred on the Russian Front. The Soviet Union is directly responsible for Germanys declaration of war on theRead MoreHorrific Events from World War II778 Words   |  3 PagesTwo most horrific events in world history occurred in World War Two. They are known as the holocaust and the Japanese war crimes. The question is, which was worse? And who actually recalls anything named Japanese War crimes? Both were unmerciful acts, but the criminals of the Japanese were never brought to justice. The Japense war crimes was worse, because they were killed, discriminated, and American soldiers cut their body parts alive or dead as souvenirs, this was known as American mutilationRead MoreEssay on The Awful Events of The World War II526 Words   |  3 PagesWorld War II was the most unhaumane event in time of American history or even world history. Hitler was in charge of the mass destruction in Europe. His plan was callled the final solution, him and his right hand man Himmler a had created. The plan was to kill everyone w ho wasnt an undesirable such as jews. The Arain race was the perfect form of people that Hitler wanted to create and only have, this racd consisted of blue eyes, blonde hair, muscualr/fit, and tall. In 1933 Hitler became the chancellor

Short Story Chapter 1 - 1192 Words

‘Lord Fox!’ yelled a voice. The sound rang through Lord Fox’s head, bouncing and echoing all the way until he snapped back into consciousness. ‘Ahh!’ he winced, touching his head. ‘What happened?’ ‘For a moment, I thought I would have to call for Aunt Eliza,’ said Flossie, as she touched a gentle finger to his temple where a bump had sprung up like a miniature hill. ‘But what am I doing here?’ he asked, feeling rather bemused. ‘Don’t you remember?’ asked Alexander. ‘We came through the Chalk Gate just as the tremors started. We were both knocked down, however, you hit your head on the floor.’ ‘We dragged you under the table,’ said Flossie. ‘Otherwise, you would have had more than a bump to contend with.’ ‘Of course! I remember now, but I†¦show more content†¦At first, nobody moved. Their brains not able to make sense of what had just happened, yet, despite a scratch or two, and all things considered, they had come out of the tremors unscathed. And when they rose from under the table, they stretched the kinks from their legs. ‘Where’s Clemmie,’ asked Flossie. Silence. When she turned, she caught the glance between Lord Fox and Alexander. ‘Oh, no!’ she sobbed, as she nodded her head in denial. ‘Not our Clemmie.’ ‘Shhh!’ hushed Lord Fox, as he held her in his embrace. ‘Once Fen has finished upstairs, I will ask him to run a check. On the whole, I believe we have stopped the time-rift, and in doing so, Clementine has reverted back to her former life.’ ‘But what about our Clemmie? Will she ever come back to us at Chalk House?’ ‘I doubt it, my love.’ Deep inside, he wished it wasn’t true. Even though he had only known Clemmie a few days, he had come to love the little girl. She was like a ray of sunshine; a brave little warrior who filled his house with her special brand of quirky happiness. Bubbly and bright. ‘Come on, let’s go and find Fen.’ But, just as he opened the door to step outside the Chalk Pit, Bedstraw flew in from the other side. ‘Spfft!’ ‘Good morning, little one,’ smiled Lord Fox. ‘What is that in your hand?’ As Flossie peered over his shoulder, she chuckled through her tears. ‘It’s a smallShow MoreRelatedShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 1971 Words   |  4 PagesIse said nothing though she did raise an eyebrow. Naoko coughed nervously and continued, â€Å"It’s just an idea but I’d like to at least try it out to see if it’ll even work and since you’re said to be really god with kidÃ…  I thought you could help me.† Ise’s face still looked unamused though when she spoke there was a hint of interest in her voice, â€Å"How did you come up with that idea?† The teen shrugged, â€Å"I read about a weapon Quincies have used called Seele Schneider. It’s like a sword but made ofRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 1739 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"I guess Yuri was right, which is mildly convenient† Sabra said. â€Å"The place is almost empty, their numbers are extremely low.† Screaming from a young woman could be heard coming from another room, surprising them. Turning their attention in the direction the scream was coming from. Everyone tried to move towards the screaming, before being halted by Paisley. â€Å"One group can go check that out. We need to go and look for Vittorio, it shouldn’t be an issue to split up for a little.† â€Å"I’m certainRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 11430 Words   |  6 Pagesher eyes, which were unable to see his in the darkness, then he checked to see Torins hand placed against her small waist more in reassurance than in having to hold her close to the wall. Once they reached the top landing, Duncan pulled the short braided rope attached to an old bronze ships bell. The clang rang off the stone walls which echoed loud enough to surly raise the dead at the very least to alert the household as was the intent. Duncan stepped back to let the door swing outward, whichRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 12137 Words   |  9 Pagesbrothers got in and went back to the motel. â€Å"Fay gets the bed,† Sam was about to protest when Dean quickly shut him up. â€Å"She stabbed a ghost in the eye twice, killed him, made friends with a ghost, and saved both our asses,† Fay just grabbed her black shorts and tank then walked into the bathroom. Stripping down, she turned on the hot water, letting the warmed rinse off the dirt and grime from the asylum. Turning off the water, she grabbed her toothbrush. As she got out the toothpaste there was a knockRead MoreShort Story : A Short Chapter : Chapter 12195 Words   |  9 Pageshappened to me would be considered within parameters. From there, they let me out of the machine and I faked being Sister long enough to be sent on my way.† Finishing off my water I set it down and nervously licked my lips. â€Å"And that’s basically my story. After leaving I got a new kit, put myself up in a hotel and over the next few days I wandered around, saw the city, did some research, and experimented a bit with being an Esper... Any questions?† Mikoto and Kuroko stared at each other and at Mikoto’sRead MoreShort Story Chapter 11266 Words   |  6 Pagesfright. Drakes smirk grew as he noticed this. You dont have a choice. As soon as those words made their way into the dead air he bolted towards the other boy. Shadow pushed Jace behind him and braced for the incoming attack, and not like other stories, this one hit its mark. He winced, and noted the body behind him. Activating the pipes in his calves he dashed towards a clearing only to take a fireball to the back. Come back and fight me coward! Drake was catching up fast. Shadow struggledRead MoreShort Story Chapter 1774 Words   |  4 PagesThey made it out of Viridian Forest not long after defeating that swarm of Beedrill. It was getting close to evening by the time they made it to the next route, so they stopped to make camp for the night. It would be another two hours before they could make it to Pewter City if they continued. It was safest to just make camp. They sat around the fire Spitfire had made for them. Misty was the only one who didnt release her Pokà ©mon. Rattata snuggled in Gabbys lap and ate from the bag of chips inRead MoreChapter 1 Short Story922 Words   |  4 Pagesfather’s council table. He looks to her for advice even in granting justice. Since her mother’s death, the Princess is more the Queen than anything els e. She might offer you some perspective.† Gwen nodded. She glanced toward the sky to see Sol just short of his zenith overhead. â€Å"Perhaps we should ride on then?† â€Å"We’d make Whitgate in a few hours. Perhaps we might find suitable lodgings afterwards?† Seeing Gwen’s reluctance to put her out further in her eyes, Blancheflor insisted, â€Å"You are my guestRead MoreChapter 1 : A Short Story1136 Words   |  5 PagesKaterina stepped out of the shadow of the filing cabinet. She pushed her hood down and swung her sniper off of her back before leaning it against the wall. â€Å"Hey Maria.† She said as she placed the suitcase onto agent Hills desk. The brunette glanced at her before she looked back to her computer screen and continued to type. â€Å"Hello, Shadow.† The young woman snorted and quickly appeared next Hill, slinging an arm over her shoulders. â€Å"Oh, don’t be like that. You know calling me ‘Agent Volkova’ overRead MoreShort Story : Chapter 11085 Words   |  5 PagesThe pillow seemed to sink a little, and Johnny died. I looked towards Dally, his face turned ten times younger, his face, his hard, mean, face had tears rolling down it. â€Å"...Johnny†¦Ã¢â‚¬  his voice whispered faintly, but Johnny said nothing. He could not. Dally had a pained expression that only someone who knew him could recognize, his hands were in fists. â€Å"We’re leaving,† Dally demanded, â€Å"Wait† the nurse said jogging towards us, â€Å"Johnny wanted you to have this.† she handed me Gone With the Wind. I took

Pressure to Conform in Miller’s Death of A Salesman and...

Pressure to conform to the societal norms of a culture can often be so weighty that those who balk against it are likely to be crushed. Usually the world wins in a very few cases though, the individual comes out the victor, beating the odds, a stronger human being as a result. In the case of Arthur Miller’s Death of A Salesman, the world devours Willy Loman in his search for the American Dream. It broke him down and eventually destroyed him. Nora Helmer, of Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll House, was also consumed by the world, but after being broken, fought her way free and defeated society’s expectations of her. Both seek fulfillment in their lives, falsely finding it in society’s expectations; Nora discovers this dichotomy between what she should†¦show more content†¦Within seconds of his scathing condemnation though, Torvald learns that his reputation will not suffer from Nora’s actions and he â€Å"forgives† her with an open and willing he art. How could one not crack under such pressure as this? Willy, like Nora, had a dream. Willy dreamt of success: personal success, success in his family life, and success for his sons. For him, salesmanship was the measure of his success; throughout the many flashbacks he would often exaggerate his sales, boosting his image in the eyes of his children. He felt as though his place as a meaningful member of society hinged on this success. Therefore, he would only admit his shortcomings to Linda, who understood and never judged him. In the eyes of his young children, Willy could do no wrong: he made top sales records; he was â€Å"well-liked,† nothing could defeat him, further adding to his societal pressures (Miller 1.509). Willy also had to deal with the pressure from his brother who had struck diamonds in Africa by mistake, constantly living in that shadow, that stigma as the â€Å"little brother† who turned down the chance of a lifetime and instead became a salesman. Pressured to pursue his American Dream, Willy gives himself over to the overwhelming waters of society, drowning himself in its expectations and demands. Nora finds strength in realizing her failure, resolving to find herself as a human being and not in what society expects of her. Nora’s recognition comes when Torvald so

Security Breach Incidents for FAFSA Tool Breach- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theSecurity Breach Incidents for FAFSA Tool Breach. Answer: Taxpayers Compromised in IRS: FAFSA Tool Breach The present scenario of the cyber world is nothing short of a warzone where constant battles are being fought among the cyber criminals and the protectors of cyber space. The hackers are constantly developing and deploying advanced tools and strategies to outwit the vigilantes (Tax EIC, 2013). However, the organisations or the general mass whose integrity is in question are still ignorant to this emerging and dominant threat. This section of the report brings to light the news of the cyber attack that is coordinated on IRS or Internal Revenue Service of United States of America, declared officially on April 6, 2017. The news of the incident serves as practical evidence to the statement made above (Tax EIC, 2013). Overview on IRS The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is a sector of the Department of Treasury who performs the operation of enforcing laws related to income tax and supervises the collection of federal income taxes. The IRS also has the responsibility to determine the qualification of pension plan (COHEN, 2015). The IRS has the responsibility to collect the major source of funding for the government of United States of America. The IRS utilises the treasury of US to execute and enforce many of the vital tax, economic and financial policies that affects the economy of United States (COHEN, 2015). Occurrence of the Problem The authority of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) declared officially on April 6, 2017 that it has been subject to a major security breach that can affect as many as 100,000 taxpayers. The breach is considered one of the most extensive breaches that the organisation has seen since the year 2015, when attackers used stolen information to obtain access to the tax returns of over 300,000 taxpayers and filed false returns to get refunds (Walters, 2015). The organisation got the wind of the attack on early March of 2017. However, the authorities of the organisation took a month to take legitimate action against the breach. Cause of the Breach According to the official statement made by the authority of IRS regarding the security breach, the hackers gained their objective by posing as students to use the IRS Retriever Online Tool that is used to apply for financial aids. The FAFSA or Free Application for Federal Student Aid is an initial form that the federal government, states and colleges use to award work-study, grants, student loans and scholarships (Botha, Grobler Eloff, 2017). Students and their parents residing at United States of America use the IRS Data Retriever Tool to access the tax return information that is required to fill up the FAFSA form. The data is directly transferred into the form from the website of IRS. The hackers disguised themselves as students and exploited the IRS Data Retrieval Tool to obtain details of around 100,000 taxpayers. They then filed false tax returns using the credentials of original users that were stolen by them. The authority suspects that around 8000 false returns were filed, in response to which the organisation has issued refunds that amounted up to 30 million dollars (Joseph, 2017). Actions Taken Against the Attack John Koskinen, the commissioner of IRS made a statement at a Senate Finance Committee hearing that the authority of IRS had detected an anomaly in the system on March 2017. The experts of the organisation have detected an abnormal hike in the quantity of incomplete forms that were submitted by the students and were suspicious of some illegal activities that were underway. However, the organisation took nearly a month to take necessary actions against the breach despite of being warned a month ago. This action has raised question among the taxpayers (Koehler, 2017). The authority of IRS shut down the IRS Data Retrieval Tool as soon as the possibility of a breach is confirmed. Shutting down the tool at the peak season of financial aid application caused outrage among the students and their parents. However, the authority claims that around 52,000 returns could be prevented by IRS filters while 14,000 illegal refund claims were stopped as well. As per the statement of the commissioner, the agency has provided with 35000 written documents to notify the taxpayers about the risk (Johnson, 2017). Apart from this, the authority is planning to establish contact with 100,000 taxpayers who might be at risk and inform them about the breach. The complete result of the breach is still unknown, as the agency did not provide details on this matter. The commissioner claims that extensive investigation is underway to analyse the exact damage measure of the attack and that the IRS Data Retrieval Tool is expected to be secured and rendered functional after the mon th of October 2017 (Johnson, 2017). Conclusion The report concludes with the fact that the cyber attack on Internal Revenue Service not only shows the extent to which the cyber crime has evolved in the last few years but also the existing ignorance of people and organisations alike that gives the hackers the required window to achieve their goal. It is necessary for constant vigilance and steadfastness from each individual working in an organisation to take immediate actions whenever any anomaly is detected. It is also mandatory to implement sophisticated software and hardware that can detect and prevent any kind of cyber attack. WANNACRY, New Face of Cyber Terror The advent of ransomware in the family of cyber incrimination tools has proved to be a priceless addition for the cyber criminals. It has taken cyber war to the next level of challenge. Before the debut of ransomware, the hackers sole purpose of attack was to use various tools of hacking to breach a user account and gather sensitive information from the system or network to use them for financial advantage (OGorman McDonald, 2012). The organisations or individuals who are responsible for the security of cyber world develop tools to counteract the attacks and often succeed in doing so for some time. However, the attackers always seem to stay one-step ahead of the saviours. Despite all this, the protectors of cyber security had a manageable grasp of the situation and somehow managed to keep things under control. The entry of ransomware in the warzone acted as the last straw on the camels back for the protectors (Everett, 2016). Ransomware is a type of malware that has changed the concept of cyber attack completely. It does not apply conventional methods of cyber attack that involves breaching the security of a system or network to obtain crucial data of an organisation or a user, which can be later used by the hacker for financial advantage (Pathak Nanded, 2016). Instead, it breaches a system exploiting some of its vulnerabilities and holds the complete system and its resources at ransom by preventing the user of a system from performing any function on the same. This new concept of technapping has proved to be effective and beneficial for the cyber lawbreakers and revolutionised cyber war. The report sheds some light on this matter using the incident of the recent ransomware attack that caused exponential damage to the world on May 12, 2017 (Pathak Nanded, 2016). The Debut of WANNACRY On May 12, 2017, the inhabitants of 150 countries in the world felt the wrath of the ransomware WANNACRY, launched by an emerging community of hackers who claim themselves as Shadow Brokers. The wave of the attack took a toll of around 230,000 computers including organisational and personal. The intensity and suddenness of the attack caught many organisations off guard and ravaged their systems. The affected systems were held hostage remotely by the attackers and were demanded ransom against their restoration (Mohurle Patil, 2017). Mode of the Breach It has been detected that a defect exists within the Server Message Block (SMB) protocol of Windows server that is known as Eternal Blue. Microsoft Corporation was not aware of this defect and therefore the anomaly was not removed (Swenson, 2017). However, it was discovered a long ago by the experts working for the National Security Agency (NSA) of USA, who concealed the fact from Microsoft for their own advantage. The intention of NSA was to modify the anomaly and use it for offensive intelligence purpose. However, it was spirited away by the Shadow Brokers from the vaults of NSA and was unleashed on the world (Swenson, 2017). The ransomware exploits Eternal Blue to gain entry into the system of a user. The initial phase being achieved, it starts to encrypt the vital data files of the system and makes it almost impossible to access the system or use any of its features. Having crippled the system the ware then displays a message on the screen of the system that asks for ransom from the user of the system in form of bit coin currency within a specified span of time against restoring the system into its previous state. It is also warned that the system will be permanently rendered useless if the ransom is not received within the specified date (Swenson, 2017). The ransomware could affect those systems that were running any supported or unsupported version of Windows operating system, as the SMB protocol that the ware exploits to gain entry into the system is present in Windows server. Those systems that were running unsupported and older versions of Windows operating systems were the most affected (Swenson, 2017). After effects of the Attack The rampage of WANNACRY lasted for a few hours on May 12, 2017 as reported by various security experts. However, it managed to affect 230,000 computers in 150 different countries throughout the world. Innumerable organisations were affected during the attack and many emergency institutions like the National Health Service (NHS) of United Kingdom were forced to halt their emergency services that caused tremendous problems for the patients of the centre (Collier, 2017). Among all the affected organisations, some of the noteworthy organisations that were affected greatly were the Deutsche Bahn, Telefonica and FedEx of Spain. The common mass of these affected countries were not spared from the effects of this attack as well. Actions taken against the Attack Within the first few hours of the attack launched on May 12, 2017, all the security researchers around the world became busy with the one goal to mitigate the problem. A solution was discovered by a young researcher from England who found a method of resolving the issue by registering a domain name in the code of the ransomware program (Akkas, Chachamis Fetahu, 2017). The process seemed to work for a short time, which halted the advancement of the ransomware for a short while. However, it was found that newer versions of the ransomware were soon launched by the attackers that countered the solution of the researcher. Apart from this, Microsoft Corporation launched patch updates for all supported and unsupported version of Windows that resolved the Eternal Blue issue from the SMB protocol. The users were also requested by the Corporation to apply the updates as soon as possible. Security software providers like MalwareBytes, AVG Security, Norton and such provided updated version of the security software that had features to detect and prevent ransomware attacks (Akkas, Chachamis Fetahu, 2017). Conclusion The report concludes with the insight that the cyber security is an issue, which cannot be taken lightly. A short window of opportunity provided to the cyber criminals can lead to exponential loss ranging from personal to global interest. Therefore, it is better to look for ways to prevent the attack before it occurs. After all, it is widely known that prevention is better than cure. References Akkas, A., Chachamis, C. N., Fetahu, L. (2017). Malware Analysis of WanaCry Ransomware. Botha, J. 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